A person may appear uneducated if s/he uses the -k ending with them for the 1st person singular form:Īggódik "worry", álmodik "dream", alszik "sleep", bízik "trust", dicsekszik "brag", dohányzik "smoke", dolgozik "work", emlékszik "remember", érdeklődik "be interested or inquire", érkezik "arrive", esküszik "swear", eszik "eat", fázik "be cold", fekszik "lie" ("recline"), foglalkozik "deal with", gondolkodik or gondolkozik "be thinking", gondoskodik "look after", gyanakszik "suspect", gyönyörködik "delight in", hallatszik "be audible", haragszik "be angry", hiányzik "be missing", igyekszik "strive, hurry", iszik "drink", játszik "play", jelentkezik "apply", költözik "move (residence)", következik "follow", különbözik "differ", lakik "live" (inhabit), látszik "be visible", működik "function", növekszik "grow", nyugszik "rest", öregszik "grow old", panaszkodik "complain", származik "originate from", találkozik "meet", tartozik "owe" or "belong", tartózkodik "stay" ("reside"), törődik "care about", unatkozik "be bored", vágyik "desire", változik "change" (refl.), verekszik "fight" (e.g. Some important "traditional" -ik verbs are the following. In fact, most -ik verbs are intransitive, and the context may clarify the question even if the subject is not made explicit. eszik az almát: az almát "the apple" is definite, so the verb must be a plural form, i.e.eszik egy almát: egy almát "an apple" is indefinite, so the verb must be a singular form, i.e. Since this (3rd person singular indefinite) -ik ending coincides with the -ik ending of the 3rd person plural definite form, only the type of the object makes it possible to identify the subject: At any rate, such non-traditional, assimilated variants are not rare in colloquial spoken language. eszem is expected in educated speech, rather than * eszek), so with these verbs, the traditional form is advised. Nevertheless, with some basic -ik verbs, the assimilated variant is stigmatized (e.g. hazudok * hazudom would be taken as hypercorrect or incorrect). However, the first person singular (present indefinite indicative) suffix is often assimilated to the "normal" conjugation (as it has happened to the other -ik-specific forms), so most verbs usually take the regular form for this person (e.g. What is more, new -ik words continue to be created (e.g. With these verbs, the third person singular (present indefinite indicative) form (i.e., the lemma) consistently uses the -ik form. Some verb pairs only differ in the presence or absence of the -ik ending, while they are unrelated in meaning, such as ér ('be worth something' or 'arrive') and érik ('ripen'). However, most of them have lost this connection (they can have active meanings) so historically speaking they are like deponent verbs. about the pair tör ("s/he breaks something") vs törik ("something breaks" / "something gets broken"). The -ik verbs were originally middle voice, reflexive or passive in meaning, which can still be seen e.g. These verbs are one of the reasons why this form is the citation form. The stem for this is reached by removing -ik. dolgozik ("s/he works"), and 1st singular indefinite present usually with -om/-em/-öm. kér ("ask", "have a request").Ī slight variation to the standard pattern is with certain verbs which have third person singular indefinite present ending with -ik, e.g. The lemma or citation form is always the third person singular indefinite present. There is basically only one pattern for verb endings, with predictable variations dependent on the phonological context. This page is about verbs in Hungarian grammar.
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